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¹Ñ¡Å§·Ø¹áººà¹é¹¤Ø³¤èÒ «Öè§à¹é¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ㹡Òö×ͤÃͧËØé¹ã¹ÃÐÂÐÂÒÇ ÁÑ¡¹ÔÂÁàÅ×Í¡ËØé¹·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹ (Durable Competitive Advantages) ËÃ×ÍàÃÕ¡ÂèÍ æ ÇèÒ DCA µÑÇÍÂèÒ§¢Í§ DCA «Ö觾ºä´é㹺ÃÔÉÑ··ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐà»ç¹ super stocks àªè¹ ÁÕáºÃ¹´ì·Õèá¢ç§á¡Ãè§, ÁÕ¡ÒúÃÔËÒõ鹷عä´éµèÓ·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ ËÃ×ÍÁÕÊÔ¹¤éÒºÃÔ¡Ò÷Õè¤Ùèá¢è§àÅÕ¹Ẻä´éÂÒ¡ à»ç¹µé¹

á¹Ç¤Ô´àÃ×èͧ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·à»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹ã¹Ç§¡ÇéÒ§ËÅѧ¨Ò¡·Õè ÈÒʵÃÒ¨ÒÃÂì Michael E. Porter áËè§ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑ Harvard ä´éµÕ¾ÔÁ¾ì˹ѧÊ×ͪ×èÍ “Competitive Strategy” ã¹»Õ 1980 áÅеÒÁÁÒ´éÇ “Competitive Advantage” ã¹»Õ 1985 㹵͹·Õè˹ѧÊ×Ͷ١µÕ¾ÔÁ¾ì¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹ã¹âÅ¡¢Í§¸ØáԨÂѧäÁèà¢éÁ¢é¹ÍÂèÒ§·Ø¡Çѹ¹Õé

¨Õ¹ áÅÐÍÔ¹à´Õ «Öè§à»ç¹»ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕ»ÃЪҡÃÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹âÅ¡ÂѧäÁèà¢éÒÊÙèÃкº·Ø¹¹ÔÂÁ áÅФ§äÁèµéͧ¾Ù´¶Ö§ÍÔ¹à·ÍÃìà¹çµ à¾ÃÒФÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìÊèǹºØ¤¤Åà¾Ôè§ÍÍ¡ÊÙèµÅÒ´ä´éäÁè¹Ò¹ ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃàÃ×èͧ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹Âѧ¤§àËÁ×͹à´ÔÁËÃ×ÍäÁè ? ºÃÔÉÑ··ÕèÁÕ DCA Âѧ¤§ÊÒÁÒöÍÂÙèä´éâ´ÂäÁèà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¨Ðà»ç¹ä»ä´éäËÁ ?

ã¹»Õ 2013 ÈÒʵÃÒ¨ÒÃÂì Rita Gunther McGrath áËè§ Columbia Business School ä´éµÕ¾ÔÁ¾ì˹ѧÊ×ͪ×èÍ “The End of Competitive Advantage” «Ö觡ÅèÒǶ֧àÃ×èͧ DCA ã¹ÁØÁÁͧ·Õèᵡµèҧ仨ҡà´ÔÁ McGrath àª×èÍÇèÒ DCA ÍÒ¨¨ÐäÁèä´éà»ç¹ÊÔ觷ÕèÊÃéÒ§¤ÇÒÁä´éà»ÃÕºÍÕ¡µèÍä» ºÃÔÉÑ··ÕèäÁèÂÖ´µÔ´¡Ñº DCA ·ÕèºÃÔÉÑ·ÁÕáµèÊÒÁÒöÊÃéÒ§ “Transient Competitive Advantage” (TCA) «Öè§à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹áººªÑèǤÃÒÇä´éÍÂèÒ§µèÍà¹×èͧáÅÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ¡ÇèÒ¤Ùèá¢è§ ã¹Âؤ·Õè¹Çѵ¡ÃÃÁ¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹ÊèǹÊӤѭ¢Í§¡ÅÂØ·¸ì·Ò§¸ØáԨáÅÐã¹âÅ¡·Ø¹¹ÔÂÁ·Õèà»Ô´¡ÇéÒ§

¹Çѵ¡ÃÃÁãËÁè æ ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ÍÕ¡«Õ¡âš˹Öè§ ÊÒÁÒö·ÓÅÒ DCA «Ö觺ҧºÃÔÉÑ·à½éҾѲ¹ÒÁÒ¹Ò¹ËÅÒ»ÕãËé¾Ñ§Å§ä´éã¹¾ÃÔºµÒ

´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ËÒ¡ºÃÔÉÑ··ØèÁà··ÃѾÂҡêÑé¹àÅÔÈà¾×èÍÃÑ¡ÉÒ DCA à¾Õ§ÍÂèÒ§à´ÕÂÇâ´ÂäÁèʹ㨷Õè¨ÐÊÃéÒ§¸ØáԨËÃ×͹Çѵ¡ÃÃÁãËÁè æ ¢Öé¹ÁÒ ¡ÇèÒ¨ÐÃÙéÇèÒ DCA ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·äÁèàËÁÒСѺµÅÒ´ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ¡çÊÒÂàÊÕÂáÅéÇ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§àªè¹ ºÃÔÉѷ㹸ØáԨöàªèÒ ÍÒ¨¨Ðà¢éÒã¨ÇèÒ DCA ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·¤×Íà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂáÅÐÊÒ¢Ò·Õè¤Ãͺ¤ÅØÁËÅÒ»ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ áÅСÒÃÊÃéÒ§°Ò¹¨Ó¹Ç¹Ã¶àªèÒ¢¹Ò´ãË­èà¾×èͨÐä´éµé¹·Ø¹µèÓÊØ´¨Ò¡¼Ùé¼ÅԵö¹µì áµè¼ÙéºÃÔËÒÃäÁèä´éãÊèã¨ã¹àÃ×èͧ෤â¹âÅÂÕ car sharing «Ö觨Ðãªéö¹µìẺ¢Ñºà¤Å×è͹´éǵÑÇàͧà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡

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㹡ÒÃãËéÊÑÁÀÒɳì¹ÔµÂÊÒà Strategy+Business ¢Í§ÈÒʵÃÒ¨ÒÃÂì McGrath ä´é¡ÅèÒǪÁàªÂºÃÔÉÑ· FUJI ¼Ùé¼ÅÔµÍØ»¡Ã³ìáÅмÅÔµÀѳ±ìà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒöèÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§­Õè»Øè¹ÇèÒà»ç¹ºÃÔÉÑ··ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡»ÃѺµÑÇãËéà¢éҡѺ෤â¹âÅÂÕãËÁè æ ä´éÍÂèÒ§´Õ àÁ×èͺÃÔÉÑ· SONY ä´éàÃÔèÁà»Ô´µÑÇ¡Åéͧ´Ô¨Ô·ÑÅ ¼ÙéºÃÔËÒà FUJI àª×èÍÁÑè¹ÇèÒ¹Õè¤×Í͹Ҥµ¢Í§ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ¹Õé ã¹»Õ 1999 ¼ÙéºÃÔËÒà FUJI ãËéÊÑÁÀÒɳì¹ÔµÂÊÒà Businessweek ÇèÒ à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ´Ô¨Ô·ÑÅà»ç¹àËÁ×͹ “ÈÒʹҔ ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·àÃÒ ·Ò§ºÃÔÉÑ·ä´é·Ó¡ÒõѴ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº¸ØáԨà´ÔÁáÅéÇ·ØèÁŧ·Ø¹¾Ñ²¹Òà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ´Ô¨Ô·ÑÅ ·ÓãËé·Ø¡Çѹ¹ÕéàÃÒÂѧ¤§àËç¹¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìáÅкÃÔ¡Òâͧ FUJI ã¹·éͧµÅÒ´ áÅлѨ¨ØºÑ¹ÃÒÂä´é¨Ò¡¸ØáԨà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒöèÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§ FUJI àËÅ×Íà¾Õ§ 14% ¢Í§ÃÒÂä´éÃÇÁ ¨Ò¡·Õèà¤ÂÊÙ§¶Ö§ 54% ã¹»Õ 2001

ÊÀÒÇÐáÇ´ÅéÍÁ㹡Ò÷ӸØáԨ»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ ´ÙàËÁ×͹¨Ðà»ÅÕè¹仨ҡ·ÈÇÃÃÉ 1980 «Öè§à»ç¹ªèǧ·Õè¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃ×èͧ “¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹” àÃÔèÁá¾ÃèËÅÒÂ㹡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ MBA àÃ×èͧ¹Çѵ¡ÃÃÁ«Ö觾ٴ¶Ö§äÁèºèͤÃÑé§ã¹Âؤ¹Ñ鹡ÅÒÂà»ç¹àÃ×èͧÊӤѭ㹡ÒúÃÔËÒøØáԨã¹Âؤ¹Õé ¢³Ð·Õè DCA «Öè§à¤Â·Ó˹éÒ·Õèà»ÃÕºàÊÁ×͹¤ÙàÁ×ͧËÃ×Í»éÍÁ»ÃÒ¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹¤Ùèá¢è§ã¹Í´Õµ ÍÒ¨¡ÅÒÂÁÒà»ç¹àÃ×͹¨Ó¤ØÁ¢Ñ§ºÃÔÉÑ··ÓãËéäÁèÊÒÁÒö»ÃѺµÑÇÃѺ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÀÒ¹͡ä´é·Ñ¹àÇÅÒ

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ã¹Í´Õµ DCA ·Õè¶Ù¡ÊÃéÒ§¢Öé¹ÍÒ¨¨Ð·ÓãËéºÃÔÉÑ·ÍÂÙèä´é 50-100 »Õ áµèÂؤ»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ËÒ¡¤Ô´¨Ð¾Ö觾ԧºØ­à¡èÒ ·Õèà¤ÂÁÕÁÒà¾Õ§ÍÂèÒ§à´ÕÂǤ§äÁè¾Í·Õè¨ÐÍÂÙèÃÍ´ã¹Âؤ·Õè¡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹·Ò§¸ØáԨà¢éÁ¢é¹ÁÒ¡ ÁÕ¤Ùèá¢è§áÅйÇѵ¡ÃÃÁãËÁè æ à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒÍÂÙèàÊÁÍ àÃ×èͧ¹Õé·ÓãËé¼Á¹Ö¡¶Ö§¤Ó¡ÅèÒǢͧʹյ¼ÙéºÃÔËÒÃÃдѺÊÙ§¢Í§ Shell «Öè§à»ç¹¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡Ò÷ҧ´éÒ¹·ÄɮաÒúÃÔËÒøØáԨ¹ÒÁ Arie de Geus ä´éà¤Â¡ÅèÒÇäÇéÇèÒ “The ability to learn faster than competitors may be the the only sustainable competitive advantage” äÁèÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹âÅ¡¢Í§¸ØáԨ ËÃ×ÍâÅ¡¢Í§¹Ñ¡Å§·Ø¹ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹ÃÙéÍÂèÒ§äÁèËÂØ´ÂÑé§à»ç¹¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃá¢è§¢Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§á·é¨ÃÔ§


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